运动干预对老年人侧向平衡能力的影响

目的探讨运动干预对老年人侧向平衡能力的影响。方法对72名70岁以上的老年人进行20 w有针对性的核心肌群力量及关节稳定性的运动指导干预,运动指导前后采用仪器测试法(足压中心侧向位移)和简便测试法(极限体侧伸距离)测评侧向平衡能力,并比较运动组与对照组干预前后及两组侧向平衡能力。结果运动组侧向平衡能力显著提高(P<0.05),运动组较对照组侧向平衡能力有非常显著改善(P<0.01)。结论有针对性的核心肌群力量及关节稳定性的运动干预能够有效地提高老年人侧向平衡能力。     

伸筋丹胶囊联合巴氯芬治疗肩手综合征的疗效观察

目的探讨伸筋丹胶囊联合巴氯芬治疗肩手综合征的临床效果。方法选取2016年11月—2018年11月上海市宝山区张庙街道泗塘社区卫生服务中心收治的82例肩手综合征患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各41例。对照组口服巴氯芬片,初始剂量5 mg/次,3次/d;而后每隔3 d增加5 mg/次,直至维持剂量20 mg/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服伸筋丹胶囊,5粒/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后患手肿胀程度、手背侧皮肤温差、上肢疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评定量表(U-FMA)评分、改良Ashworth痉挛量表(MAS)评分、改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分及世界卫生组织生存质量测定简式量表(WHOQOL-BREF)评分的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别是75.6%、92.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患手肿胀程度和手背侧皮肤温差较治疗前均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组患手肿胀程度和手背侧皮肤温差显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组上肢疼痛VAS评分、MAS评分均较治疗前显著下降,而U-FMA评分、MBI评分均显著上升,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组VAS评分、MAS评分显著低于对照组,而U-FMA评分、MBI评分高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组WHOQOL-BREF中各领域评分及总体生存质量、总体健康状况评分均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组这些评分显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论伸筋丹胶囊联合巴氯芬治疗肩手综合征具有较好的临床疗效,可明显缓解患者症状,减轻肢体疼痛,促进上肢运动功能的恢复,提高日常生活能力,改善生活质量,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

癫痫康胶囊联合左乙拉西坦治疗癫痫的临床研究

目的研究癫痫康胶囊联合左乙拉西坦片治疗癫痫的临床疗效。方法选取2017年3月—2018年3月西宁市第一人民医院收治的112例癫痫患者为研究对象,利用双盲法将患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各56例。对照组口服左乙拉西坦片,初始剂量5 mg/(kg·次),2次/d,之后每周增加10 mg/(kg·d),至25 mg/(kg·d)维持。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服癫痫康胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。两组患者持续治疗12周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的癫痫发作频率、生活能力、智力水平和血清学指标。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为80.36%、92.86%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者阵挛发作、强直发作、失神发作频率均显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组患者阵挛发作、强直发作、失神发作频率均明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者日常生活能力(ADL)评分明显降低,而韦氏智力量表(WISC-R)评分明显升高,同组治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组患者ADL评分明显低于对照组,WISC-R评分明显高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清S-100β蛋白(S-100β)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和丙二醛(MDA)水平均明显降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P00.5),且治疗组患者血清S-100β、hs-CRP和MDA水平明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论癫痫康胶囊联合左乙拉西坦片治疗癫痫具有较好的临床疗效,可改善临床症状,降低血清学指标,改善患者生活能力和智力水平,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Physical fitness components in relation to attention capacity in Latin American youth with overweight and obesity

The aim of the study was twofold: (a) to examine the association between health-related physical fitness and attention capacity in Latin American children and adolescents with overweight and obesity and (b) to test whether body composition outcomes are moderators of this association. A cross-sectional design was used to study 201 overweight/obese participants (12.1 ± 2.1 years of age; 34.3% girls) from Chile (Active-Start study) and Colombia (HEPAFIT study). Body composition, muscular fitness, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness were evaluated using two similar test batteries (ALPHA and FUPRECOL). Attention capacity was measured by the d2 Test. Linear regression and moderation analyses were conducted. Linear regression analysis revealed an association between muscular fitness (β = 0.245, P = .015), speed-agility (β = −0.16, P = .027), cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.331, P < .001) and overall fitness score (β = 0.210; P = .004) and attention capacity (all analyses were controlled for age, sex, peak height velocity, maternal education, and study setting). Moderation analysis using the Johnson-Neyman technique revealed that the effect of the relationship between muscular fitness score and speed-agility and attention capacity was stronger as fat mass and fat mass index increased. In conclusion, physical fitness components are associated with higher attention capacity in youth with overweight/obesity, but body composition seems to moderate these relationships. Randomized controlled trials in this population would help to better understand whether improvements in different components of physical fitness lead to better attention capacity, especially in youth with excess adiposity.     

Testing the validity and reliability of the doping willingness in sport scale

Although research investigating doping in sport is burgeoning, there is still a lack of proxy measures of doping behavior that have undergone extensive psychometric testing. To address this issue, we modified a previously used measure of doping willingness in sport and tested aspects of validity and reliability across four studies. In Study 1, we provided support for the face and content validity of the items, and then found support for the factor structure of the scale in a sample of athletes (N = 205) using confirmatory factor analysis. In Study 2, we collected data from an independent sample of athletes (N = 236) to provide further evidence for the factor structure of the scale using confirmatory factor analysis as well as provided evidence for concurrent and discriminant validity. In Study 3, a further independent sample of athletes (N = 144) completed the scale and provided support for discriminant and predictive validity of the scale. In Study 4, we collected data from a further independent sample (N = 74) to provide support for the test-retest reliability, and stability of items. Lastly, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the samples across Studies 3 and 4, and the composite sample across all four studies which provided further support for the factor structure of the final 8-item scale. Taken together, these findings provide psychometric support for the scale to be used to measure the willingness of athletes to use banned substances to help facilitate future research investigating doping in sport.     

Methods for the analysis of multiple endpoints in small populations: A review

While current guidelines generally recommend single endpoints for primary analyses of confirmatory clinical trials, it is recognized that certain settings require inference on multiple endpoints for comprehensive conclusions on treatment effects. Furthermore, combining treatment effect estimates from several outcome measures can increase the statistical power of tests. Such an efficient use of resources is of special relevance for trials in small populations. This paper reviews approaches based on a combination of test statistics or measurements across endpoints as well as multiple testing procedures that allow for confirmatory conclusions on individual endpoints. We especially focus on feasibility in trials with small sample sizes and do not solely rely on asymptotic considerations. A systematic literature search in the Scopus database, supplemented by a manual search, was performed to identify research papers on analysis methods for multiple endpoints with relevance to small populations. The identified methods were grouped into approaches that combine endpoints into a single measure to increase the power of statistical tests and methods to investigate differential treatment effects in several individual endpoints by multiple testing.